The Shcherbakov Shche-2 was the product of an urgent need for a twin-engine utility aircraft following the German invasion. It was developed shortly after the similar Yak-6 but had a decidely more antiquated appearance, with a high-wing strut-braced configuration as well as fixed landing gear. Construction was made almost entirely of wood while another cost-saving measure was the incorporation of parts from other contemporary designs, most obviously the Pe-2's twin-tail. A large port door provided access to the cabin which could hold up to 16 troops or 11 stretchers when used as an air ambulance. Despite being underpowered, the Shche-2 was well liked by crews thanks to its reliability and easy handling and it was extensively employed as a supply aircraft for partisans. It remained in service with Soviet, Yugoslav, and Polish air forces into the post-war period.

The Shche-2 first flew in prototype form sometime in 1942 with series production beginning the following year. No variants were built although the basic design was used for numerous roles. Proposed variants with uprated engines such as the Shch-2TN were never built given the end of hostilities.